Mayo Clinic Laboratories > Neurology > Demyelinating disease > CNS demyelinating disease

CNS demyelinating disease

Cutting-edge investigations to differentiate disease

Immune-mediated central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein (MOG-IgG) associated disease (MOGAD), present with similar clinical and radiologic features as multiple sclerosis, which is the most common CNS demyelinating disease. Because multiple sclerosis treatment may worsen NMOSD and MOGAD, accurate diagnosis is critical.

10-15%

10-15% of positive MOG cases could be missed by commercial fixed MOG-IgG assay1

1/3

1/3 of AQP4-IgG-negative patients are positive for MOG-IgG2

50%

50% probability of second optic neuritis episode within one year of initial attack in AQP4-positive patients3

CNS demyelinating disease Test menu

CNS demyelinating disease CNS demyelinating disease

CNS demyelinating disease

Our unique evaluation to diagnose immune-mediated CNS demyelinating disease uses a fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) live cell-binding assay to detect the two most common antibodies linked to the harmful autoimmune response. Identification of aquaporin-4 (AQP4-IgG) and MOG-IgG allows for diagnostic certainty and implementation of an appropriate treatment regimen, which minimizes the risk of relapse and patient disability.

Key testing

Advantages

  • Uses innovative FACS technology for improved detection of AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG antibodies.
  • Yields 76.7% sensitivity, compared to 60% sensitivity through ELISA.
  • Enables 100% specificity for AQP4.
  • Allows for a faster diagnosis and treatment plan decision for your patient.
View chart We recommend testing for AQP4-IgG and MOG-IgG at the same time. This synchronized testing method allows for a faster diagnosis and treatment plan decision for your patient.
Article An international panel, including Mayo Clinic physicians, proposed diagnostic criteria for MOGAD.
Article Caution is advised when interpreting low titer MOG-IgG positive results.
Article MRI lesions can help differentiate several CNS demyelinating diseases.
 

Highlights

Myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein antibody-associated disease (MOGAD)

In this month's "Hot Topic," Eoin Flanagan, M.B., B.Ch., reviews the recent diagnostic criteria for Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein Antibody-associated Disease (MOGAD).

Learn more
A downward spiral undone: Jon Bratsch

Lying in an ICU bed as sick as he could get, Jon Bratsch thought he was past the point of no return. But when a Mayo Clinic Laboratories’ test revealed the source of his dire symptoms, everything changed. Today, Jon’s back to the life and family he loves.

Learn more
References
  1. Reindl M, Schanda K, Woodhall M, et al. International multicenter examination of MOG antibody assays. Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2020 Feb 5;7(2):e674. doi: 10.1212/NXI.0000000000000674. Print 2020 Mar 5.
  2. Hamid SHM, et al. What proportion of AQP4-IgG-negative NMO spectrum disorder patients are MOG-IgG positive? A cross sectional study of 132 patients. J Neurol. 2017 Oct;264(10):2088-2094.
  3. Pittock SJ, Lennon VA, Bakshi N, et al. Seroprevalence of aquaporin-4-IgG in a Northern California population representative cohort of multiple sclerosis. JAMA Neurol. 2014;71(11):1433-1436.
  4. Water PJ, McKeon A, Leite MI, et al. Serologic diagnosis of NMO: a multicenter comparison of aquaporin-4-IgG assays. Neurology. 2012;78(9):665-671.
INTERESTED IN LEARNING MORE?

Fill out the form below and one of our specialists will be in touch.

(BETA) Choose a language to view this content in:
About the translation.