Precision testing for testicular cancer-associated paraneoplastic encephalitis

The intersection of Mayo Clinic’s research and clinical practice and the Neuroimmunology Laboratory allowed for the implementation of the world’s first evidence-based test to confirm the presence of Kelch-like protein 11 (KLHL11) autoantibodies, which are linked to a rare form of paraneoplastic encephalitis.

The groundbreaking discovery that testicular cancer-associated paraneoplastic encephalitis is caused by KLHL11 autoantibodies — by a team of researchers that included Mayo Clinic scientists — paved the way for development of the assay. The innovative test first screens patients for KLHL11 proteins through a mechanized, cell-based assay that utilizes cutting-edge, slide-scanner technology, then employs tissue immunofluorescence to confirm presence of the protein, which exudes a unique "sparkles" pattern.

Altering outcomes with early detection

Testicular cancer-associated paraneoplastic encephalitis is often misdiagnosed due to neurological syndrome symptoms preceding tumor detection. Identification of KLHL11 autoantibodies, which seems to be one of the most common paraneoplastic antibodies in men, enables providers to offer specific treatment protocols, such as cancer treatments and immunosuppressive therapies, to manage and treat the disease. Early and accurate diagnosis of this syndrome is critical for disease stabilization and possible reversal.

When to consider testing

Consider KLHL11 testing for all patients presenting with testicular tumors and one or more of the following:

• Hearing loss or tinnitus
• Double vision
• Slurred speech
• Difficulty swallowing

• Vertigo
• Impaired coordination
• Difficulty walking
• Brainstem or cerebellar syndromes

Key testing

K11CC | Kelch-Like Protein 11 Antibody, Cell Binding Assay, Spinal Fluid

K11CS | Kelch-Like Protein 11 Antibody, Cell Binding Assay, Serum